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Elisabeth Mann Borgese fonds
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'C' miscellaneous correspondence

File contains correspondence with two individuals. Contains a letter from John P. Craven, on behalf of the Common Heritage Corporation, sent with a concept paper on the organization's goal to achieve equitable distribution of the Common Heritage of Mankind. It also includes a letter from Elisabeth Mann Borgese to Harlan Cleveland on his new position at the Aspen Institute, and Pacem in Maribus (PIM) X.

Correspondence with Alan Beesley

File contains correspondence with Ambassador John Alan Beesley, Canada's ambassador to the Law of the Sea Conference, and the head of the drafting committee. Topics of discussion include Beesley's honourary degree from Dalhousie, ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLoS), Pacem in Maribus (PIM) XXVI, Law of the Sea training at the International Ocean Institute (IOI). File also contains a newspaper article on PIM XXVI, several articles and speeches by Ambassador Beesley ("The Missing Environmental Perspective," "The Negotiating Strategy of UNCLOS III: Developing and Developed Countries as Partners: A Pattern for Future Multilateral International Conferences?," "Purposes and Principles or Platitudes and Pronouncements," and "The International Constitution for the Oceans: Canada and the Rule of the Law"). Also includes "The Plot to Save the World" by Wade Rowland, which mentions Beesley and the UNCLoS conference, and copies of "Canada and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: The Need for Ratification," written/edited in part by Elisabeth Mann Borgese, and sent to various government officials.

Correspondence with Silviu Brucan

File contains correspondence, programme and newspaper clippings from or about Romanian politican and dissident Silviu Brucan. Some correspondence concerns Pacem in Maribus conferences, and Romania and the ratification of UNCLoS (the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea). File also contains a note to Elisabeth Mann Borgese on Brucan from Harry Ashmore (formerly of the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions). File also contains a copy of "World Socialism at the Crossroads: An Insider's View" by Brucan.

'B' miscellaneous correspondence

File contains correspondence with Konrad von Bonin, Wolfgang E. Burhenne, Gerhad Breuer (with copies of correspondence from Arvid Pardo and "A Way Out from the Deadlock at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea?,"), and Luigi Bressan. Some correspondence may pertain to other UN matters unrelated to UNCLOS III. Also includes a statement by W. Riphagen given at the Eighth Session of UNCLOS III at Geneva.

Correspondence with Erich Blissenbach

File contains correspondence with Erich Blissenhach, who worked with the German mining company Preussag. Most discussions are about sea-bed mining, and the push towards an international regime to monitor it (and touches on topics like the boat paper, the attempt to rewrite Part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and other related topics). Some correspondence concerns Club of Rome, Pacem in Maribus (PIM) conferences and International Ocean Institute. Also includes a copy of a "Proposal for an Initiative the German Delegation Could Take at the Next Session of the Assembly and Council of the International Sea-bed Authority" by Elisabeth Mann Borgese, a copy of "Alternative Models for Pioneer Cooperation in Exploration, Technology Development, and Training" by Mann Borgese; a copy of an article by Blissenbach ("Technology Assessment of Deep Sea Nodule Mining").

'B' miscellaneous correspondence

File contains correspondence from various individuals with names beginning with "B." Correspondents include Alfredo Boucher (with his paper "La Convencion Sobre de Recho Dal Mar"). Also includes "Netogiating by Consensus: Developments in Technique at the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea" by Barry Buzan, a newspaper clipping about the Brandt Commission, and "A Way Out From the Deadlock at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea?" by Gerhard Breuer.

'A' miscellaneous correspondence

File contains correspondence from various individuals/organizations beginning with "A." Includes correspondence from The American Journal of International Law (including a review by Elisabeth Mann Borgese of "La Sécurité en Mer" by Phillipe Boisson), a list of participants for a Law of the Sea Preparatory Commission Seminar in Australia, a draft letter from the Asian-African Legal Consultative Organization, and an agenda for a conference at which Mann Borgese was a presented ("The Law of the Sea: A Step Toward Institutionalization of Global Interdependence").

Correspondence with H.S. Amerasinghe

FIle includes correspondence between Ambassador Hamilton S. Amerasinghe, permanent representative of Sri Lanka to the United Nations and president of the Law of the Sea conference. Topics of discussion include Pacem in Maribus (PIM) conferences, the International Ocean Institute (and a meeting of its trustees), and Arvid Pardo and Mann Borgese's study on the New International Economic Order, as part of RIO (Reshaping the International Order). Also includes an address by Ambassador Amerasinghe given before the 1974 Caracas meeting of the conference, a brochure (from the Marga Institute), and an agenda for a conference on the New International Economic Order and the Law of the Sea.

'A - B' miscellaneous correspondence

File contains correspondence with David Anderson, Minister of Fisheries and Oceans (on the International Year of the Ocean and the ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea), Giada Aquilino, Lloyd Axworthy, Minister of Foreign Relations and International Trade (on ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea), and Wolfgang Burhenne (on the United Nations Ocean Assembly proposal).

Correspondence with Association des Etudes Internationales (AEI)

File contains correspondence and other materials from Rachid Driss who was the president of AEI (Association des Études Internationales) and an ambassador for Tunisia. Most of the correspondence concerns invitations to conferences (mainly Pacem in Maribus). Also includes a final report from an International Symposium on Oceanic Ventures, a statement by Driss given at UNCLOS (the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea), and the Tunis declaration on ocean venture.

'A - B' miscellaneous correspondence

File contains correspondence with various individuals. Correspondents include Najeeb Al Nuimi (Legal Advisor to the Crown Prince on Qatar), which discuss Pacem in Maribus XXI, and the Secretary-General's consultations on the Law of the Sea, and attached is a paper by Mann Borgese: "Making the Convention 'Universally Accepatble';" Lennox Ballah of the Institute of Marine Affairs (attached is a copy of the Nonpaper); W. Balzan (personal assistant to Guido De Marco); Paul Berenger, Minister of Foreign Affairs for Mauritius; Martin Blakeway (who wrote to the Prince of Tonga about raitification of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea); United Nations Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, which advocate turing the Preparatory Commission into an Interim Authority, in light of the "boat paper; and Salvino Busuttil on Malta's failure to announce ratification of the convention.

Transcription : law of the seas conference

File contains a copy of the typed transcript. Present are Elisabeth Mann Borgese, Robert Hutchins, Arvid Pardo, [Friedman], [Hambro], [Andrassy], [Rao], [Freeman], [Kaplan], [Crawford], [Wheeler], [Wilkinson], [Mero], [Kruger], [Tugwell], [Armstrong], [Hoffman], Harry Ashmore, [Kelly], [Bucher], [Campbell], [Khan], [Busha], and [Gaskell]. The transcript covers the June 17th and 18th, 1968 sessions.

Transcription from various experts regarding the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea

File contains a transcription from an unknown conference or seminar at which the law of the sea is discussed, which was found loose and disorderly. Transcript includes delegates [Richardson], [Yankov], [Brucan], Elisabeth Mann Borgese, [Sohn], [Hambro], [La Que], [Abi-Saab], Arvid Pardo, [Peresic], Lord Ritchie-Calder, Sidney Holt, J. van Ettinger, Ambassador Boudjakdji, [Castaneda], [Boud], and [Vargas].

Drafting committee : resolutions of the Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea

File contains a copy of working paper two, which comprises four resolutions: Resolution I on the "Establishment of the Preparatory Commission for the International Sea-Bed Authority and for the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea;" Resolution II on "Governing Preparatory Investment in Pioneer Activities Relating to Polymetallic Nodules;" Resolution III and Resolution IV both titled "The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea." Also includes a loose page from another document.

Annotated partial transcript from a session on the U.N. Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLoS)

File contains a portion of a transcript of am afternoon session of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLoS). Attended by Elisabeth Mann Borgese, [NSG], Arvid Pardo, Sidney Holt, [La Que], [Arrhenius], [Haber], [Sahovic], [Sohn], [Palma], [Emich], [Hoftsee], [Harvey], [Skoglund], [Hoveyda], [Busha], and others. Discussion of a piece of legislation or an agreement.

Sixth session, volume 2 : ammendments to "draft resolution on improvement of international institutional arrangement relating to the convention on the Law of the Sea"

File contains material originally housed in a large binder with other United Nations (UN) reference material (i.e. press releases, journals, sessional reports), and the contents of MS-2-744, Box 117, File 1. File contains a memorandum from Elisabeth Mann Borgese to Austrian Ambassador Karl Wolf, and amendments to the fifth (5th) draft.

Miscellaneous memos on planery sessions and draft proposals

File contains documents originally housed in a large binder with other United Nations (UN) materials and the contents of MS-2-744, Box 117, File 4, MS-2-744, Box 117, File 6, MS-2-744, Box 117, File 7, and MS-2-744 Box 117, File 8. Includes memos to Austrian Ambassador Karl Wolf and Anton Vratusa from Elisabeth Mann Borgese. Topics discussed include the Group of 77, and establishing an institutional headquarters for the Law of the Sea in Malta.

Proposal for project implementation

File includes a copy of a project proposal on the new international order, includes (as an attachment), the table of contents from "The New International Economic Order and the Law of the Sea" by Arvid Pardo and Elisabeth Mann Borgese (published as an International Ocean Institute (IOI) Occasional Paper), and the table of contents for the IOI's "Caribbean Study and Dialogue." From the "Reunion internacional de consuita para la evaluacion del programa de investigactiones del area nuevo orden economico internacional" held in Mexico City.

Miscellaneous meeting minutes and notes related to the Conference on the Law of the Sea

File contains materials from the Second and Third Committees including Articles (with applicable revisions and corrections), a report to the First Committee on the work of Negotiating Group 3 (Three), compromise suggestions by the Chairman of Negotiating Group 4 (Four) and other reports, in particular "Reports of the Committees and Negotiating Groups" submitted at the seventh session.

Memos and notes regarding the First Committee workshop

File contains documents originally housed in a large binder with other United Nations (UN) materials and the contents of MS-2-744, Box 117, File 4, MS-2-744, Box 117, File 5, MS-2-744, Box 117, File 6, and MS-2-744, Box 117, File 8. Includes handwritten notes by Elisabeth Mann Borgese (summarizing meetings), First Committee workshop notes, and a memo to Austrian Ambassador Karl Wolf on negotiations with coastal states.

Miscellaneous loose documents [part 3 of 3]

File contains informal suggestions by various countries, "Financial Arrangements of the Authority" (redrafted versions of the relevant articles of the convention), "Financing the Enterprise," meeting minutes (mainly on the protection and preservation of the marine environment), a memorandum of the group of land-locked and geographically disavantaged states "On the Rights of the Land-Locked and Geographically Disadvantaged States in the Economic Zone," and a memorandum by Peru (as co-ordinator of the group of coastal states). Parts 1 and 2 of this file are in MS-2-744, Box 120, File 7 and MS-2-744, Box 120, File 8, respectively.

The right of landlocked states to participate in the development of mariculture : [report and various documents relating to dispute settlement]

File contains "The right of landlocked states to participate in the development of mariculture," informal meeting notes regarding dispute settlement, notes from the Third Informal Plenary Meeting on Dispute Settlement, notes from a workshop of the First Committee, and notes from the Fourth Informal Plenary Meeting on Dispute Settlement.

Miscellaneous loose documents [part 2 of 3]

File contains informal suggestions by various countries, informal meeting notes, a provisional list of delegations, "Financing the Enterprise," a presentation by various non-governmental organizations (NGOs) on the issue of seabed mining, a speech by a United Kingdom (UK) delegate on the transfer of technology, notes for Minister Jens Evensen's summation, some handwritten notes (including some by Elisabeth Mann Borgese), and a list of participants. Parts 1 and 3 of this file are in MS-2-744, Box 120, File 7 and MS-2-744, Box 120, FIle 9, respectively.

Miscellaneous loose documents [part 1 of 3]

File contains draft ammendments, various articles, suggested compromise formulae, a note by Tommy Koh, "Financial arrangements of the Enterprise", informal conference room documents, Chairman's reports, a report by an ad hoc group on the relationship between disarmament and development, a memo by the group of landlocked states, informal meeting notes, a memo by Peru, committee records and various informal suggestions. Parts 2 and 3 of this file are in MS-2-744, Box 120, File 8 and MS-2-744, Box 120, File 9, respectively.

Lists of participants

File contains two lists of participants. One is unlabelled with handwritten notes by Elisabeth Mann Borgese, the other list is from the Intersessional Consultations on the Law of the Sea in Geneva on March 1, 1977.

Evensen meeting : [notes and speech]

File contains a description of subjects to be discussed in connection with the seabed regime (marked "Statment by Ambassador Wolf"), other discussion notes, meeting minutes, a list of participants, a memo, and a draft resolution.

Dispute settlement meeting notes

This file contains meeting notes originally housed in a large binder with other United Nations (UN) materials and the contents of MS-2-744, Box 117, File 4 and MS-2-744, Box 117, File 5, MS-2-744, Box 117, File 6, and MS-2-744, Box 117, File 7. The meetings were chaired by President Amerasinghe or Jens Evensen.

Handwritten meeting notes by Elisabeth Mann Borgese

File contains documents originally housed in a large binder with other United Nations (UN) materials and the contents of MS-2-744, Box 117, File 4, MS-2-744, Box 117, File 5, MS-2-744, Box 117, File 7 and MS-2-744 Box 117, File 8. File contains summarizes of meetings held in August 1976.

Boleslaw Adam Boczek : [papers and correspondence]

File includes two papers by Professor Boczek of Kent State University: "Ideology and the Law of the Sea: The Challenge of the New International Economic Order" and "Global and Regional Approaches to the Protection and Preservation of the Marine Environment."

Voices for the oceans : a report to the Independent World Commission on the Oceans

File contains a photocopied excerpt from "Voices for the Oceans" edited by R. Rajagopalan and published by the International Ocean Institute Operational Centre in Madras, India. The report summarizes the views of 200 individuals consulted over four public hearings. The excerpt also includes a preface to the work written by Eduardo Faleiro.

Correspondence with M.M.K Sardana

File contains correspondence with Dr. M.M.K. Sardana of the Department of Ocean Development (India). Correspondence concerns LASER research and its implications for seabed mapping, Elisabeth Mann Borgese's attempts to amend the Law of the Sea Convention before it comes into fource, and the International Ocean Institute and its training programmes. The file also includes a paper, "The Role of the Prepratory Commission in the International Seabed Authority in Implementing the Pioneer Regime."

The ocean our future : [final draft]

File contains a copy of the final draft of the Independent World Commission on the Oceans (IWCO)'s report ("The Ocean...Our Future"), dated March 4, 1998. Report includes a preface by Commission president Mário Soares, and six sections: "Promoting Peace and Security in the Oceans," "The Quest for Equality in the Oceans," "Ocean Science and Technology," "Valuing the Ocean," "Our Oceans: Public Awareness and Protection," and "Towards Effective Ocean Governance." File also includes covering correspondence from Jan van Ettinger.

The ocean our future : [first draft, revision 1]

File contains a copy of the first draft (revision one) of the report of the Independent World Commission on the Oceans (IWCO), dated November 4, 1997, chaired by Mário Soares. The report includes the following chapters: "Promoting Peace and Security in the Ocean," "The Quest for Equity in the Ocean," "Revaluing the Ocean," "Ocean Knowledge and Uncertainties," "The Ocean: Public Participatioon and Awareness," and "Towards Effective Ocean GOvernance: Making Law and Instiutions Work." Also includes several of the annexes: "Facts about the Ocean," "Selected sources and further reading material," "Glossary," and "The Commission and its work."

IWCO's third executive committee meeting : draft report

File contains the draft report produced from the third (3rd) meeting of the Independent World Commission on the Oceans (IWCO)'s executive committee in Rio de Janeiro. Discussed at the meeting were financial and administrative matters, along with plans for the second (2nd) and third (3rd) plenary sessions.

Third plenary session and fourth executive committee meeting : [draft reports]

File includes a cover letter from Layashi Yaker, along with two draft reports. The draft report for the Third Session of the Commission contains a background information note. Topics discussed at the Third Plenary Session include the North Sea dispute, and administrative matters (including reports from the study groups and the writing of the final report). The Executive Committee dicussed administrative and financial matters, and a summary of the findings of the Third Plenary Session.

The ocean our future : [galley proofs]

File contains a galley proof of "The Ocean...Our Future," the final report of the Independent World Commission on the Oceans (IWCO), the reproduction of the final report that was distributed to commission members in advance of the official release date.
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