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Elisabeth Mann Borgese fonds
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United Nations Seabed Committee report

File includes a report arising from the July, 1972 meeting of the Mediterranean States Members of the United Nations Seabed Committee, newsclippings ("UN Seabed Committee Report," "Seabed 'belongs to the world,'" "Dividing the Spoils of the Sea into National Parcels"), a memorandum presented to United Kingdom Foreign Office officials ("Ocean Space Beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction"), and a report ("Sea-Bed and Ocean Floor Developments," from October 1970). File also includes a piece of correspondence from Elisabeth Mann Borgese on the notion of an ocean development tax. Duplicate copies in the file have not been digitized.

United Nations resolutions

File contains copies of the draft resoultion of the "Law of the Sea" and a resolution concerning sea-bed mining. The file also includes a non-paper entitled "Agreement on the Implementation of Part XI and Annexes III and IV of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea."

United Nations informal consultative process on the oceans and the law of the sea (UNICPOLOS) : [reports]

This file contains reports by Elisabeth Mann Borgese on the first two sessions of the United Nations Informal Consultative Process on the Oceans and the Law of the Sea (UNICPOLOS), which had the aim to build a global system of ocean governance. The first session was held May 30-June 2, 2000, and the second session was held from May 7 to May 11, 2001.

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) conference documents

File contains material from the Meeting of Experts on the Establishment of a Mediterranean Regional Centre for Research and Development in Marine Industrial Technology." A conference sponsored by the United Nations INdustrial Development Organization (UNIDO), and held in Vienna, Austria. Included are administrative documents, for instance, agendas, and lists of conference participants. Also included are issue papers and reports. In addition, the file also contains material from the Workshop on Marine Industrial Technology for the Development of Marine Non-Living Resources and its Applications, held in Madras, India over January 27-30, 1993. Including an invitation, background paper, agenda, lists of participants and issues discussed, and copies of slides. Also includes papers presented at this conference, including: "Exploitation of Polymetallic Nodules: The Role of Developing Countires" by Jan Magne Markussen of the Fridtjof Nansen Institute, "Environmental Impacts of Marine Resource Exploitation Within the EEZs" by Gerd Schriever and Hjalmar Thiel of the Institut für Hydrobiologie und Fischereiwissenschaft, "Non-Fuel Mineral Resource Evaluation in Louisiana's EEZ and Potential Environmental Impacts of Resource Exploitation" by Chacko J. John and Charles G. Groat from Louisiana State University, two papers on seabed mining by J.P. Lenoble, "Exploration of Offshore Heavy Mineral Placers on the East and West Coasts of India" by B.R.J. Rao, "Exploration Technology for Seabed Minerals: Indian Experience" by P.S. Rao and R.R. Nair, "Processing of Sea Bed Minerals" by P.K. Sen, "Indian Wave Energy Programme: The 150 KW Pilot Plant: Future Plans" by Professor V.S. Raju of the Indian Institute of Technology, and a paper of uncertain authorship entitled "Role of Education System and Research Instiutions in Marine Technology Development." Also contains a background note on the International Ocean Institute (IOI). Some documents contain handwritten annotations/noted by Elisabeth Mann Borgese. See MS-2-744, Box 263, Folder 7 for final reports from these workships and meetings.

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

File includes reports created by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), correspondence, notes, and drafts. Included are copies of: "The UNIDO Programme on Technological Advances," a copy of "Report on the Possibility of Establishing Regional Centres for Research and Development in Marine Industrial Technology" by Elisabeth Mann Borgese, background information on the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, report on the Meeting of Experts on the Establishment of a Mediterranean Regional Centre for Research and Development in Marine Industrial Technology," April 1989, "International Co-operation in Industrial Research and Development," a paper on marine industrial technology, "Deep Seabed Minerals: Mining and Related Technologies," a report from the 1991 meeting of the Expert Group on the Establishment of a Caribbean Centre for Marine Industrial Technology, a copy of "Feasibility Study on Mediterranean Centre for Research and Development in Marine Industrial Technology" by Elisabeth Mann Borgese (a paper that was contracted by UNIDO), a copy of a speech ("The New International Technological Order Emerging from the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea"), and several partial reports. See file MS-2-744 Box 264, Folder 2 for related correspondence. File contains duplicate copies, which have not been digitized.

United Nations I

Includes reel-to-reel of proceedings. Possibly reel 3 of 3 along with 194.11. If so, rename to “UN conference New York, reel 3”

United Nations General Assembly’s Special Session on Disarmament (UNSSOD) 1: Outcome of the session and implementation of its final document

File includes three papers, including one ("UNSSOD I: Outcome of the Session and Implementation of its Final Document" by Ronald Purver) that was presented in Toronto at conference on the UNSSOD II. File also includes "The Desirability and Feasibility of Negotiated Controls on Strategic Anti-Submarine Warfare" by Ronald Purver) as well as correspondence from John Platt (of the Club of Rome), which includes his article, "Now is the Time."

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) prize

File contains brochures, newsletters, papers, project proposals, news releases, newspaper clippings, and print-outs from UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) website. Documents deal with the UNEP's Sasakawa Prize (for the years 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2002), a report by previous award winners (of whom Elisabeth Mann Borgese was one), reports on collaboration with the International Ocean Institute (IOI), a copy of GESAMP's (the Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Environmental Protection) draft report ("Sea of Troubles: State of the World's Oceans"). The file also includes a copy of "Das Parlament" (for which Borgese wrote an article), the United Nations' "Protocol for the Prevention and Elimination of Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea by Dumping from Ships and Aircraft or Incineration at Sea," information on the Caribbean Environment Programme, and information on Agenda 21. File contains duplicate copies, and oversize material, which have not been digitized.

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - Global Programme of Action (GPA) for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities : [meeting documents]

File contains documents used and created by participants in various Global Programme of Action (GPA) conferences and meetings held between 2000 and 2001. Includes (from the April 2000 meeting): a list of documents, agendas, background papers, correspondence about the participation of the International Ocean Institute (IOI), an "Alternative Draft High Level Declaration," conclusions from the co-chairs, a draft report from Discussion Panel B: "Economic and Social Impact of Marine Pollution and Degradation, Especially in Coastal Areas." Contains, from the August 2000 meetings: correspondence, and discussion papers. Also contains correspondence, a non-paper, press releases, agendas, membership lists, policy papers, copies of a website, a paper from the International Oil Pollution Compensation Funds 1971 and 1992, steering committee documents (Mann Borgese was a member), all arising from the Fourth Meeting of Regional Seas held in Montreal between November 21 and 23, 2001. Also included is a copy of "The Montreal Declaration on the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities," which arose out of the conferences. The file also contains a plan for the International Ocean Institute booth at one of the conferences, and handwritten notes by Elisabeth Mann Borgese. See file MS-2-744, Box 257, Folder 10 for correspondence between GPA and International Ocean Institute during this period, and MS-2-744, Box 257, Folder 11 and MS-2-744, Box 257, Folder 12 for related documents. File contains duplicates which have not been digitized.

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) - Fourth Global meeting of regional seas conventions and action plans

File contains documents from the meeting, which was held in Montreal from November 21-23, 2001. File includes: A list of documents; a list of participants; a report from the 1999 meeting of this group; a provisional agenda; a presentation by the International Ocean Institute (IOI); an inventory of work in chemicals undertaken by regional sea programmes; "Ecosystem-based Management of Fisheries: The Way Forward;" a report of transboundary movements of wastes; reports on a process to establish the state of the marine environment; a report on cooperation in the Mediterranean; a policy papers from the Open-Ended Intergovernmental Group of Ministers or Their Representatives on International Environmental Government meeting of July 17, 2001; reports multilateral environmental agreements; a report on the "Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment rom Land-based Activities through Improved Coastal and Ocean Governance;" a report on issues facing regional sea conventions and plans; meeting minutes from the Caspian Sturgeon Resources: Stakeholders' Meeting (July 12-13, 2001); a memorandum of understanding between the Secretariat of the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme and the Secretariat of the Permanent Commission for the South Pacific; and the "Report of the Third Global Meeting of Regional Seas Convention and Action Plans" from November 2000.

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

File includes reports, brochures, papers, background documents, and drafts of Elisabeth Mann Borgese's brochure "The Oceans, the Convention and You." Also includes "Environmental Law in the United Nations Environment Programme" by Peter H. Sand, and documents relating to the 1997 Sasakawa Environment Prize.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) reports

File includes material relating to reports, project proposals, regulations, correspondence relevant to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Includes: "Report on Informal Inter-Agency Meeting at UNESCO," conducted under the auspices of International Ocean Institute (IOI) in Paris, 1983, reports on the World Decade of Cultural Development, addresses by President Mario Soares and Federico Mayor, "Consultation on the Use of Findings of Environmental Research in Environmental Education," reports on the Trieste System, "An Ocean Assembly" by Alexander Yankov and Mario Ruivo, and "Draft Declaration," possibly written by Elisabeth Mann Borgese. See file MS-2-744 Box 260, Folder 4 for correspondence with UNESCO during this period.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) publications of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission

File includes a summary report of the ninth session of the assembly, a report of the secretary to the commission, a provisional list of documents, a programme of work and finiancial requests, a summary report of the executive council of the seventh session, and a report by the IOC (Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission) on its activities.

United Nations Economic Commission for Africa - regional leadership seminar on marine/ocean affairs in Africa

File contains agendas, reports, case studies, lists of participants, brochures and handwritten notes from the seminar, which was held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia between March 28 and April 2, 1994. Elisabeth Mann Borgese was the coordinator for one of the sessions (April 1, 1994), and made several presentations. The seminar was sponsored by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), the International Ocean Institute (IOI), and the IOI's Africa office. Several of the case studies relate to the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLoS) and landlocked Africian nations. File contains duplicate copies, which have not been digitized.

United Nations Development Project (UNDP) Global Environment Facility (GEF) - project proposals

File contains two proposals by the United Nations Development Project (UNDP) Global Environment Facility (GEF) that the International Ocean Institute was involved with. Proposals are entitled "Distance Education Project 1990. Marine Resources Management and Development: A Proposal" and "A Proposal for a Certificate and Diploma Program in Ocean Resources Management." See MS-2-744, Box 263, Folder 9 for relating correspondence.

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) project proposals

File contains documents, the majority of which pertain to the project "Support for Regional Oceans Training Programme," reference no. GLO/91/G33, proposed to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF). Includes project proposal; main parameters of the project; project brief; memorandum; and evaluative comments' project performance report. File also includes two other proposals for training support.

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Global Environment Facility (GEF) reports on international waters

File includes two documents: a copy of "International Waters," which is the fourth chapter of a book, and a report from a Global Environment Facility (GEF) council meeting held in Washington D.C., on February 22-24, 1995, entitled "Scope and Preliminary Operational Strategy for International Waters," providing an update on GEF activities, and program priorities for 1995.

United Nations Development Programme publications

File contains documents relating to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Included is a news release on the publication of the fourth annual "Human Development Report," "Terms of Reference for a Review of a Possible UNDP Strategic Initiative in Ocean and Coastal Management," "Summary of Recommendations of Working Group on Technology Cooperation," memorandums, a draft report ("Ocean and Coastal Resources Management for Sustainable Human Development"), the "Action Plan for Human Resources Development and Capacity Building for the Planning and Management of Coastal and Marine Areas, 1993-1997," a note from Philip Reynolds on a meeting discussing a possible UNDP initiative on ocean and coastal management.

United Nations

Series consists of administrative records, conference materials, correspondence, publications, drafts, speeches, and reports relating to the United Nations and to the UN Development Program (UNDP), the UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLoS III), and the Independent World Commission on the Oceans (IWCO).

The United Nations was established on October 24, 1945. Elisabeth Mann Borgese had professional associations with several branches of the UN including, but not restricted to, the UN Development Programme (UNDP), the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), the International Labor Organization (ILO), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and activities such as the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLoS III). Often her ties to such branches was related to her other professional activities, such as those at the International Ocean Institute. For instance, Sidney Holt, one-time director of the International Ocean Institute, was also affiliated for a significant time with the FAO. Additionally, several UN organizations provided funding and guidance for International Ocean Institute activities.

However, Elisabeth Mann Borgese is largely known for her involvement in UNCLoS III. UNCLoS III succeeded two previous Law of the Seas conferences in 1958 and 1960. Preparations for it began in 1968 with the formation of the Committee for the Peaceful Uses of the Sea-bed and the Ocean Floor Beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction (Seabed Committee). Out of this committee began the conference proper in 1973 and it continued until 1982. Following the end of the conference, the Preparatory Commission for the International Sea-bed Authority and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (Prepcom) commenced (1983-1995). Briefly, UNCLoS III concerned itself with boundaries in international waters (often relating to the Exclusive Economic Zone), seabed mining, fisheries and other ecological concerns, ocean technologies (including nuclear weaponry), and other related issues. The ideals behind the convention originated with the now famous speech delivered by Arvid Pardo to the General Assembly of the UN on November 1, 1967 in which he discussed potential problems related to the oceans in terms of the 'common heritage of mankind'.

After decades of hard work, the conference produced a constitution for the seas, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which was ratified by eighty-five countries by 1996. On November 16, 1994, the Convention entered into force. During UNCLoS III, the need for an International Sea-bed Authority (ISBA) and an International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLS) was recognized, and a Prepcom was initiated after the close of UNCLoS III to establish these organizations. The ISBA is based in Kingston, Jamaica, and came into existence in November 1994. The ITLS is based in Hamburg, Germany, and began operations in July, 1996.

Elisabeth Mann Borgese was actively involved in both UNCLoS III and Prepcom. She acted as an Ambassador to the Austrian Delegation at UNCLoS III and as a representative for the International Ocean Institute at the Prepcom. To further the work of UNCLoS III, Elisabeth Mann Borgese initiated the International World Commission on Oceans (IWCO) in 1995. Under the direction of the Portuguese President Mario Soares, IWCO (many members of which were hand-picked by Borgese) produced a report that was published in 1998, the UN Year of the Oceans. Borgese was one of IWCOs vice-chairmen, but she resigned in 1998 due to her frustration with the Commissions under-representation of the developing world. In response to IWCOs report, Borgese wrote The Oceanic Circle: A Report to the Club of Rome, which she regarded as a summary of thirty years of work.

UNESCO - Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)

Includes conference invitations and materials (a programme, an information note); a copy of the paper "Training and Education in Ocean Management for the 21st Century: Regional and Global Aspects" by EMB; memorandum of understanding between International Ocean Institute and IOC, contract between Pacem in Maribus and IOC, and other documents concerning the collaboration between International Ocean Institute and IOC

Underseas foundation lecture on fifth session of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea by Elisabeth Mann Borgese

File contains a lecture by Elisabeth Mann Borgese delivered at the Undersea Foundation, in Santa Barbara, California. It discusses the fifth session of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, providing a brief background of the Conference, and four points about the future of the conference. This version contains some handwritten notes/corrections.

UNCLoS III : publications, drafts, and speeches

Subseries consists primarily of publications about UNCLoS III as opposed to produced via UNCLoS III (i.e. papers by Elisabeth Mann Borgese and/or A. Pardo, among others) such as reports, articles, and proposals. However, this subseries also includes some official statements and speeches by delegates. The scope of this subseries is broad in that it also contains publications, drafts, and speeches that were written after the completion of UNCLoS III, and in fact may concern post-UNCLoS III activities such as the Preparatory Commission for the International Seabed Authority and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, among other things.
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