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Elisabeth Mann Borgese fonds
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'U' alphabetical

Includes brochure from Annual International Congress Calendar, correspondence from United Press International, US Department of State, UCLA, University of Southern California, University of New Mexico.

'U' miscellaneous

Includes correspondence from E. Krioukov and G. Triggs. Also includes "Universitas," "L'Arctique et l'Antarctique" (D. Pharand - a conference plan), an issue of Undersea Technology (vol. 9, no. 2), a schedule for the fifteenth annual meeting of the International Relations Club and a statement on ocean mining.

'U' miscellaneous

Correspondents include Union des ecrivains quebecois; Union of Concerned Scientists; UN Association in Canada - Halifax Branch; Universidad del Valle; Uruguay (Minster of Foreign Affairs); USACOR. File also includes a newsletter.
'U' miscellaneous correspondence

'U' miscellaneous correspondence

File contains correspondence with M.J. Anstee (Department of Technical Co-operation for Development) and K. Mushakoji (UN University - with "The United Nations University's Next Stage: Statement before the Sixteenth Session of the Council of the UN University on 1 December 1980"). File also includes handwritten notes by Elisabeth Mann Borgese for a United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) talk (on the new industrial revolution and the oceans).
'U' miscellaneous correspondence

'U' miscellaneous correspondence

File contains correspondence with the University of Rhode Island, a USSR publishing house (regarding the Russian version of "The Drama of the Oceans"), and Henry Usborne. Also includes the introduction to "The Drama of the Oceans" for the Russian translation.
'U' miscellaneous correspondence

'U' miscellaneous correspondence

File contains correspondence with include Christian Ude (mayor of Munich, concerning an exhibit on Klaus Mann); George B. Udvarhelyi (concerning the legacy of Thomas Mann); Juha I. Uitto; B. Ulianich; Barbara Ungeheuer; M.A. Upare; Victor Urquidi; and Reizo Utagawa.

'U' miscellaneous correspondence

File contains correspondence with organizations whose names begin with "U." from the United Nations Association of the United States of America (with materials related to the Conference of United Nations Representatives) and the United Nations International School, UNIS (with a pamphlet and working paper). Also includes a pamphlet for the United Nations Conference on Science and Technology. File contains a duplicate letter from Maurice Strong to Elisabeth Mann Borgese of September 28, 1978, which was digitized with file MS-2-744, Box 111, Folder 15.

UN - general

Some correspondence concerns Pacem in Maribus, and the International Ocean Institute's status as a UN-registered NGO. Includes correspondence with Boutros Boutros-Ghali; "Seven Working Papers in Preparation for Pacem in Maribus XXII" by EMB; statement by the Prime Minister of Malta to the 47th Session of t he General Assembly; press release; summary report; brochures; information on the 50th anniversary of the UN.

UN group publications

File includes various publications and meeting documents. Includes material from Institute of International Education (a list of contacts), proposals submitted to an Environment Committee, a project report ("Positive Uses of Space: Law, Policy and Institutions") conducted by the Common Heritage Institute, material created for the "Conference on Disarmament," Third World Organization (statutes), meeting minutes from the San Diego Association of Prevention Professionals, a project summary from the Brookings Institution, a brochure from the "Diversity and Stability in Ecological Systems" conference (held at Brookhaven), an address by Lord Ritchie-Calder ("Hell Upon Earth") to the Conservation Society, and a copy of a French proposal on the exploration of the seabed.

UN informal consultative process on the oceans and the law of the sea (UNICPOLOS)

File contains papers and statements from the second meeting of the United Nations Informal Consultative Process on the Law of the Sea (UNICPOLOS) held in New York, between May 7-11, 2001. Includes a speech made by Elisabeth Mann Borgese, on behalf of the International Ocean Institute (IOI), discussing their studies presented at the conference. Also includes background papers produced by the IOI: "Technology Cooperation and Transfer: The New International Technological Order," "Piracy and Armed Robbery at Sea: The New International Maritime Security Order," and discussion papers on the same topics. Also includes statements from the Australian delegation, the United States Mission to the United Nations (and United States policy papers), the People's Republic of China, the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, and the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Also includes the meeting minutes from the Open-ended Informal Consultative Process Established by the General Assembly in its Annual Review by the Assembly of Developments in Ocean Affairs."
UN informal consultative process on the oceans and the law of the sea (UNICPOLOS) : [charts and c...

UN informal consultative process on the oceans and the law of the sea (UNICPOLOS) : [charts and correspondence]

File contains a chart created by Elisabeth Mann Borgese that may have been presented or distributed as part of UNICPOLOS (United Nations Informal Consultative Process on the Oceans). Includes draft versions with corrections by Mann Borgese. Also includes correspondence on the chart, and copies of "Call to International Action" adopted at the 1996 Coastal Zone Conference.

UN Second Generation - Experts' Meeting : [papers presented]

File contains documents from the United Nations' Second Generation Experts' Meeting, and the resulting collection of papers that Elisabeth Mann Borgese was involved in editing. File Includes correspondence, a draft copy of the proceedings manuscript, and copies of the following papers: "Protecting Future Generations: Precedents and Practicalities" by Philippe Sands, "Safeguarding Future Generations" by Christopher D. Stone, "International Court of Justice: Aspects of its Power and Composition" and "Some Thoughts on the 1982 Convention as the Basis for Confidence-Building at Sea" by M.C.W. Pinto,"Geopolitical Dimension to Restructuring the United Nations" by M. M. Puri, the introduction from "Cosmopolitan Democracy" edited by Daniele Archibugi and David Held, "From the United Nations to Cosmpolitan Democracy" by Daniele Archibugi, "Pacem in Maribus, UNCLOS, and UNCED: Integrating Institutional Mechanisms for Ocean Governance" by Peter B. Payoyo, "Some Legal Aspects of the Perceived Role of a Guardian for Future Generations in Monitoring 'Sustainability' of any Use of Marine Living Resources" by Sidney Holt, "Reform of the United Nations: A Third World Perspective" by Joseph S. Warioba, "The New Deep Seabed Mining Regime" and "Some Observations on the Agreement Implementing Part XI of the Convention on the Law of the Sea" by L.D.M. Nelson, "Agenda for Peace and the Law of the Sea Naval Arms Control: The UN Second Generation-Experts Meeting" by Rob Huebert, "The Law of the Sea Convention and the Restructuring of the United Nations System" by Elisabeth Mann Borgese, a statement by Layashi Yaker, "Seapower and Reservation" by Rear-Admiral Fred W. Crickland & Geoffrey L. Wittol, a preface by Salvino Busuttil, and "Institutional Cooperation in the Indian Ocean Region: Resource Development and Environmental Protection" by Professor Barbara Kwiatkowska

UNCLoS III : publications, drafts, and speeches

Subseries consists primarily of publications about UNCLoS III as opposed to produced via UNCLoS III (i.e. papers by Elisabeth Mann Borgese and/or A. Pardo, among others) such as reports, articles, and proposals. However, this subseries also includes some official statements and speeches by delegates. The scope of this subseries is broad in that it also contains publications, drafts, and speeches that were written after the completion of UNCLoS III, and in fact may concern post-UNCLoS III activities such as the Preparatory Commission for the International Seabed Authority and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, among other things.
Underseas foundation lecture on fifth session of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the ...

Underseas foundation lecture on fifth session of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea by Elisabeth Mann Borgese

File contains a lecture by Elisabeth Mann Borgese delivered at the Undersea Foundation, in Santa Barbara, California. It discusses the fifth session of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, providing a brief background of the Conference, and four points about the future of the conference. This version contains some handwritten notes/corrections.

UNESCO - Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)

Includes conference invitations and materials (a programme, an information note); a copy of the paper "Training and Education in Ocean Management for the 21st Century: Regional and Global Aspects" by EMB; memorandum of understanding between International Ocean Institute and IOC, contract between Pacem in Maribus and IOC, and other documents concerning the collaboration between International Ocean Institute and IOC

United Nations

Series consists of administrative records, conference materials, correspondence, publications, drafts, speeches, and reports relating to the United Nations and to the UN Development Program (UNDP), the UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLoS III), and the Independent World Commission on the Oceans (IWCO).

The United Nations was established on October 24, 1945. Elisabeth Mann Borgese had professional associations with several branches of the UN including, but not restricted to, the UN Development Programme (UNDP), the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), the International Labor Organization (ILO), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and activities such as the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLoS III). Often her ties to such branches was related to her other professional activities, such as those at the International Ocean Institute. For instance, Sidney Holt, one-time director of the International Ocean Institute, was also affiliated for a significant time with the FAO. Additionally, several UN organizations provided funding and guidance for International Ocean Institute activities.

However, Elisabeth Mann Borgese is largely known for her involvement in UNCLoS III. UNCLoS III succeeded two previous Law of the Seas conferences in 1958 and 1960. Preparations for it began in 1968 with the formation of the Committee for the Peaceful Uses of the Sea-bed and the Ocean Floor Beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction (Seabed Committee). Out of this committee began the conference proper in 1973 and it continued until 1982. Following the end of the conference, the Preparatory Commission for the International Sea-bed Authority and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (Prepcom) commenced (1983-1995). Briefly, UNCLoS III concerned itself with boundaries in international waters (often relating to the Exclusive Economic Zone), seabed mining, fisheries and other ecological concerns, ocean technologies (including nuclear weaponry), and other related issues. The ideals behind the convention originated with the now famous speech delivered by Arvid Pardo to the General Assembly of the UN on November 1, 1967 in which he discussed potential problems related to the oceans in terms of the 'common heritage of mankind'.

After decades of hard work, the conference produced a constitution for the seas, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which was ratified by eighty-five countries by 1996. On November 16, 1994, the Convention entered into force. During UNCLoS III, the need for an International Sea-bed Authority (ISBA) and an International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLS) was recognized, and a Prepcom was initiated after the close of UNCLoS III to establish these organizations. The ISBA is based in Kingston, Jamaica, and came into existence in November 1994. The ITLS is based in Hamburg, Germany, and began operations in July, 1996.

Elisabeth Mann Borgese was actively involved in both UNCLoS III and Prepcom. She acted as an Ambassador to the Austrian Delegation at UNCLoS III and as a representative for the International Ocean Institute at the Prepcom. To further the work of UNCLoS III, Elisabeth Mann Borgese initiated the International World Commission on Oceans (IWCO) in 1995. Under the direction of the Portuguese President Mario Soares, IWCO (many members of which were hand-picked by Borgese) produced a report that was published in 1998, the UN Year of the Oceans. Borgese was one of IWCOs vice-chairmen, but she resigned in 1998 due to her frustration with the Commissions under-representation of the developing world. In response to IWCOs report, Borgese wrote The Oceanic Circle: A Report to the Club of Rome, which she regarded as a summary of thirty years of work.

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